Investigation

• FBC and ESR, urea and electrolytes, liver function tests, serum calcium, serum Vitamin D.
• Urine calcium/creatinine levels for intestinal calcium absorption and likelihood of idiopathic hypocalciuria.
• Serum QEPP (quantitative electrophoresis of plasma proteins) and urine electrophoresis.
• If male, testosterone levels and serum LH.
• AP and lateral x-rays of thoracic and lumbar spine for vertebral fractures.
• Bone mineral density assessment.